HummBot: basic object avoidance

Here is a new video of the HummBot. As you can see in the video, I unmounted the IR sensors from the servos and moved them to the front and back bumpers of the HummBot. This way they can be used as short distance (25 cm) object detectors.
I have ordered ultrasonic sensors (at Sparkfun.com) for longer range object detection. These will be mounted on the servos to scan a wide area (1-2 meters) in front of the HummBot.

Another thing that needs attention is speed control. First I want to buy/build an encoder to measure the travelled distance. This is highly needed since the ESC is very inaccurate, resulting in unpredictable distances.I am still thinking about the correct mounting place for an encoder. Suggestions are welcome!
Next to that I am considering to replace the motor with a high torque motor which will make it easier to drive at slow speeds. Currently this is very difficult since there is a subtle balance between driving slow and stalling the motor.

HummBot Platform

This weekend I did some work on the HummBot platform. Basically the platform consists of two layers: the bottom layer which contains the steering servo, the ESC and the battery pack and the upper layer which provides space for the Arduino, the breadboard and two servo controlled IR sensors.
Being assembled it looks like this:









The servo controlled IR sensor are just at the right height such that they can 'look out of the window' of the HummBot. This is what it looks like with the body:









I'm currently finished the code that will control the servos and sensors such that HummBot can start avoiding obstacles!

HummBot changes direction

Because the previous HummBot video was very dark, I've made another video in day light. Also the HummBot can change direction now since the Arduino controls the steering servo of the HummBot!
As you can see in the video, the HummBot clearly needs some sensors to prevent it from hitting obstacles :-)
Don't hesitate to give me some feedback. I'm very interested in hearing your opinion and improvement ideas!

This is the microcontroller code that I used for this video:

   1: int ledPin = 13;

   2:  

   3: int servoPin = 4;

   4: int rightPulse = 1900;

   5: int neutralPulse = 1500;

   6: int leftPulse = 1100;

   7: int servoPulse = neutralPulse;

   8:  

   9: int escPin = 2; // Control pin for the ESC

  10: int forwardPulse = 1565;

  11: int previousDirection = neutralPulse;

  12: int backwardPulse = 1420;

  13: int escPulse = neutralPulse;

  14:  

  15: long lastPulse = 0; // the time in milliseconds of the last pulse

  16: int refreshTime = 20; // the time needed in between pulses

  17:  

  18: int waitTime = 2000;

  19: long lastChange = 0;

  20:  

  21: void setup() {

  22: pinMode(escPin, OUTPUT);

  23: pinMode(servoPin, OUTPUT);

  24: servoPulse = neutralPulse;

  25: escPulse = neutralPulse;

  26: pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

  27: Serial.begin(9600);

  28: }

  29:  

  30: void loop() {

  31:  

  32: if (millis() - lastChange >= waitTime) {

  33: // Important: to callibrate the ESC, start with a neutralPulse of 2 sec.

  34: // Drive backwards, forwards, backwards, forwards, ...

  35: if (escPulse == neutralPulse) {

  36: if (previousDirection == forwardPulse) {

  37: escPulse = backwardPulse;

  38: } else {

  39: escPulse = forwardPulse;

  40: }

  41: if (servoPulse == neutralPulse || servoPulse == rightPulse) {

  42: servoPulse = leftPulse;

  43: } else {

  44: servoPulse = rightPulse;

  45: }

  46: waitTime = 2000;

  47: } else if (escPulse == backwardPulse) {

  48: escPulse = neutralPulse;

  49: previousDirection = backwardPulse;

  50: waitTime = 1000;

  51: } else if (escPulse == forwardPulse) {

  52: escPulse = neutralPulse;

  53: previousDirection = forwardPulse;

  54: waitTime = 1000;

  55: }

  56: // Debugging:

  57: if (Serial.available() > 0) {

  58: Serial.print(escPulse, DEC);

  59: Serial.print(" ");

  60: }

  61: lastChange = millis();

  62: }

  63:  

  64: // send pulses at 50Hz:

  65: if (millis() - lastPulse >= refreshTime) {

  66: digitalWrite(escPin, HIGH);

  67: delayMicroseconds(escPulse);

  68: digitalWrite(escPin, LOW);

  69: digitalWrite(servoPin, HIGH);

  70: delayMicroseconds(servoPulse);

  71: digitalWrite(servoPin, LOW);

  72: lastPulse = millis(); // save the time of the last pulse

  73: }

  74: }

First HummBot video

It's a little dark, but here is the first small video of the driving HummBot!

HummBot drives!

Thanks to a lot of help from the people at the Society of Robots and Arduino forums I have completed the second phase of the HummBot project. HummBot is now able to drive autonomously, controlled by the Arduino processor.
I used the following components:

• Arduino controller,
• a Graupner electronics speed controller (ESC),
• a breadboard,
• a 7.2V battery pack.

I took some time to figure out how to control the ESC. Basically the ESC can be controlled just like a servo by sending 50Hz pulses. By varying the width of the pulses the motor runs forwards and backwards at varying speeds. Thanks to a tip I found out that to make this work I first had to initialize the ESC by sending neutral, maximum and minimum pulses.

In this first setup the HummBot drives forward for 2 seconds, then backwards for 2 seconds, then forwards again, and so on...
Here is a first picture, I will make a video shortly.



The next step will be to create a proper platform in the HummBot chassis to attach the Arduino and breadboard to. After that I will of course combine the servo, IR sensor and motor control to let the HummBot drive around some more!

My first HummBot circuit

Today I started my first preparations for the HummBot electronics. I have created a circuit using the following components:

• Arduino controller
• one Hitec Servo
• two Sharp IR sensors
• a breadboard
• a 7.2V battery pack

Using these components I constructed the following circuit:



The IR sensors are connected to the 5V, Gnd and one of the analog pins.
The Servo is connected to the Vin (7.2V), Gnd and one of the digital pins.
I created a program that checks both sensor values, and if the right sensor detects something the servo is turned right and if the left sensor detects something the servo is turned left.
Very basic, but nice to start with!

Arduino has arrived!

Today my new microcontroller and IR sensors have arrived! I ordered these 9 days ago at Robotshop.ca.



The microcontroller is the Arduino Diecimila and the IR sensors are Sharp GP2D15 sensors. I plan to use the Arduino and IR sensors for my new HummBot project. The Sharp IR sensors will be used as proximity detectors. Their default range is 24 cm, but they can be configured to a range between 10 and 80 cm.
The Arduino has a nice small size, so it will perfectly fit in my HummBot car. I plan to power it by a 7.2V accu pack that also powers the DC motor of the HummBot. This weekend I will start the first prototyping. To be continued!

Society of Robots

Today I ran into one of the best robotics forums I have seen so far: Society of Robots.
The forum is visited by a large group of active robot enthousiasts from all around the world. The site also provides a large list of very interesting robotics tutorials. Check it out for yourself!

H1ghlander, the 'real' hummer robot!

In 2005 Carnegie Mellon University reached third place in the DARPA challenge with their h1ghlander robot. The h1ghlander is based on a 1999 Hummer H1, and thus provides a perfect example for my HummBot project!

HummBot, start your engine!

The last days I have been reading a lot about the DARPA challenge with all the spectacular robotic cars. See also one of my previous posts. This inspired me to start a new robot project: build my own robotic car! Of course I don't have the skills, nor the money to build a real car, but I will try to convert a RC car into a robot. In my attic I found the perfect RC car: a Tamiya Hummer! This 1:12 model provides enough space for the electronics.

The HummBot, as I will call the hummer robot, will be controlled by an Arduino board and I will start with a few IR sensors to sense the distance to surrounding obstacles. After that I plan to add more sensors like Ultrasonic sensors, compass module, accelerometer, camera, ... I think I should start saving some money!

Here two pictures of what the HummBot looks like today. This is still the bare tamiya kit. I will first give it some better painting and after that I will start integrating the first electronics. Will be continued!

The Arduino board

The 50 euro robot project that Albert van Breemen published on his Personal Robotics site made me enthousiastic for the Arduino microcontroller. The Arduino is a very cheap and very popular open-source microcontroller based on the ATmega168 processor. The main advantage of the Arduino is that there is a huge number of enthousiasts around the world that have build (robotics) projects based on the Arduino. So there are thousands of projects that can be found on the internet that are very useful to get you started. Here is just a short list of some interesting sites:

• Official Arduino site
• Arduino tutorial
• Electronics tutorial using the Arduino
• The Make blog Arduino overview

The Arduino can be programmed in a C-like programming language. Since the Arduino is open source, all development software is for free! The complete Arduino development environment can be downloaded from the Arduino home page. This environment will give you a great start with 160 MB of tools, tutorials and example code.

Last week I ordered dthe Arduino Diecimila USB board via Robotshop.ca. The price? Only $38,95 which is a little more than 26 euro!

If you're not enthousiastic yet, please have a look at this fun video that introduces the Arduino board:

More Volkwagen robots!

It looks like Volkwagen provides an ideal robot platform! In my previous post I already showed a video of a VW Golf GTI robot. Also Stanford University has chosen VW for their robotic cars. In 2005 they won first prize the yearly DARPA challenge with Stanley, a robot car based on a VW Touareg. In 2007 Stanford won second prize in the same contest with Junior, a robot car based on a VW Passat!

The winning Stanley:


The second prize winning Junior: